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25% DEXTROSE INJECTION B.P.
(Anhydrous Dextrose 25% w/v)
Therapeutic Class
Hypotonic water and carbohydrate source
Description and Composition
A clear, colorless, sterile solution each 25 ml. of which contains:
Anhydrous Dextrose 6.25grams
Water for Injections q.s.
Pharmacological Effects
- Provides calories for some metabolic needs. Each 25mL provides 6.25 grams of Dextrose and each gram of AnhydrousDextrose provides 3.7kCal. Depending on the presence of insulin, glucose enters cells and is broken down to pyruvate. With adequate oxygen,it enters the Kreb's cycle in the mitochondria and is converted into energy (A.T.P.), CO2 and H2O.
- Supplies body water for hydration.
- Spares body protein by providing carbohydrate for metabolism.
- Osmolarity of 25% Dextrose is 1389 mOsm/L.
- The fluid is isotonic when in the container. After administration, the dextrose is quickly metabolized in the body, leaving only water - a hypotonic fluid.
- The pH range is 3.5 - 6.5.
Indications
Hypoglycemia
Used as a source of energy particularly in total parenteral nutrition.
Dosage and Administration
The dose is dependent upon the age, weight, and clinical condition of the patient. For non-diabetics, the maximum infusion rate should be 4 mg/kg/minute.
Slow administration is recommended. Administration through central veins is preferable due to high osmolarity.
Duration of Action and Excretion
Glucose use depends on metabolic rate. It is stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen.
Water use depends on clinical state of patient, body temperature and renal function. Excreted through the skin, lungs, and kidneys.
Adverse Effects
- Hyperglycemia.
- Fluid overload, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and water intoxication may result if infused in large amounts.
- Administration through peripheral veins can be irritating and can cause phlebitis.
Contraindications
- Elevated blood glucose concentrations.
- Patients at risk for increased intracranial pressure.
- Patients who have an acute neurological dysfunction.
- Hypovolemic states.
- Patients at risk for third-space fluid shifts.
Precautions
- Since the tonicity is low, avoid using in head injury patients.
- Use sterile technique in venipuncture and equipment assembly.
- Do not use solution if outdated, cloudy or the seal is not intact.
- Monitoring of blood glucose is advisable.
Osmolarity and Tonicity
Hypotonic solution as it does not contain any cations.
Hyper-osmolar solution (1389 mOsm/L)
Caloric Value
Approximately 23 kCal/ampoule
Pharmaceutical Precautions
- Store at room temperature. Protect from sunlight.
- Do not use if ampoule is leaking, solution is cloudy or contains foreign matter.
- Discard unused portion.
- Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.
- Shelf life is 4 years from the date of manufacturing.
Packaging
25 mL in polyethylene, twist-off, plastic ampoules.
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