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PLADEX-10
(10% Dextrose Intravenous Infusion B.P.)
Therapeutic Class
Hypotonic water and carbohydrate source
Description and Composition
A clear, colorless solution each 1000 ml. of which contains:
Dextrose Monohydrate equivalent
or Anhydrous Dextrose B.P. 100grams
Water for Injections q.s.
Pharmacological Effects
- Provides calories for some metabolic needs. Each 100mL provides 10 grams of Dextrose and each gram of Dextrose Monohydrate provides 3.4kCal. Depending on the presence of insulin, glucose enters cells and is broken down to pyruvate. With adequate oxygen, it enters the Kreb's cycle in the mitochondria and is converted into energy (A.T.P.), CO2 and H2O. The brain does not require insulin for glucose metabolism.
- Supplies body water for hydration.
- Spares body protein by providing carbohydrate for metabolism.
- Osmolarity of D10W is 556 mOsm/L. The fluid is isotonic when in the container. After administration, the dextrose is quickly metabolized in the body, leaving only water - a hypotonic fluid.
- The pH range is 3.5 - 6.5.
- Capable of producing diuresis depending on clinical state of the patient.
Indications
- Can be used as a source of energy.
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Dosage and Administration
The dose is dependent upon the age, weight, and clinical condition of the patient. However, for non-diabetics, the maximum infusion rate should be 4mg/kg/minute. At this rate the hepatic glucose production is minimized and peripheral glucose uptake maximized.
Duration of Action and Excretion
- Glucose use depends on metabolic rate. It is stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen.
- Water use depends on clinical state of patient, body temperature and renal function. Excreted through the skin, lungs, and kidneys.
Adverse Effects
- Hyperglycemia.
- Fluid overload.
- Hyponatremia.
- Hypokalemia
- Water intoxication
- Prolonged administration through peripheral veins may cause phlebitis.
Contraindications
- Patients at risk for increased intracranial pressure.
- Patients who have an acute neurological dysfunction.
- Hypovolemic states.
- Patients at risk for third-space fluid shifts.
- Elevated blood glucose concentrations.
Precautions
- Since the tonicity is low, avoid using in head injury patients.
- Use sterile technique in venipuncture and equipment assembly.
- Do not use solution if outdated, cloudy or the seal is not intact.
- Monitor E.C.G. continuously.
- Monitor blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate frequently.
Osmolarity and Tonicity
Hypotonic solution as it does not contain any cations.
Hyper-osmolar solution (556 mOsm/L)
Caloric Value
374 kCal/Liter
Pharmaceutical Precautions
- Store at room temperature. Protect from sunlight.
- Do not use if bottle is leaking, solution is cloudy or contains foreign matter.
- Discard unused portion.
- Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.
Packaging
- 500ml and 1000ml in Plabottle.
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